Tongue touches TEETH, not the ridge — different from English t/d
How you approach this sound depends on your English accent. Find yours below for personalised coaching.
English t and d are alveolar — tongue touches the ridge BEHIND your upper teeth. Spanish t and d are dental — tongue touches the TEETH themselves. Move your tongue tip forward about 5mm to touch the back of your upper front teeth. The difference is subtle but native speakers hear it. It gives Spanish its characteristic crisp, bright quality.
Bridge from: top, dog (t d (alveolar))
Common mistakes:
Drill sequence:
Move tongue forward to the teeth. RP t/d are alveolar — Spanish needs dental. Also drop aspiration.
Bridge from: top, dog (t d)
Common mistakes:
Drill sequence:
Move tongue to teeth for t and d. Also: no aspiration on t. Spanish t is crisp and unaspirated.
Bridge from: top, dog (t d)
Common mistakes:
Drill sequence:
Some Irish English dialects already use dental t and d — if yours does, this may be a direct transfer. If not, move tongue to the teeth. Either way, the adjustment is small for Irish speakers.
Bridge from: top, dog (t̪ d̪ (some dialects))
Common mistakes:
Drill sequence:
Move tongue forward to touch the teeth. Also: no aspiration on Spanish t.
Bridge from: top, dog (t d)
Common mistakes:
Drill sequence:
Direct transfer — and one of your biggest advantages. Hindi त and द are dental stops — tongue touches the teeth, exactly where Spanish t and d live. While other English speakers must learn to move their tongue forward, your natural t and d are already in the right place. Just use your Hindi dental stops for Spanish. Also, your unaspirated Hindi त matches Spanish t perfectly (English aspirates its t, Spanish doesn't).
Bridge from: Hindi त (ta), द (da) (t̪ d̪ (Hindi त द))
Common mistakes:
Drill sequence:
Move tongue to the teeth. Drop aspiration on t. Same adjustment as other non-dental English accents.
Bridge from: top, dog (t d)
Common mistakes:
Drill sequence:
Move your tongue forward to touch the back of your upper front teeth for both t and d. Nigerian English t/d are typically alveolar — the Spanish sounds are further forward. The difference is subtle but matters. Also: no puff of air on t (unaspirated).
Bridge from: top, dog (t d)
Common mistakes:
Drill sequence:
Alveolar trill — perro, carro, rojo, correr, tierra
Alveolar tap — pero, para, caro, cero, cara
Voiceless velar fricative — joven, gente, rojo, mejor, trabajar
Palatal nasal — niño, año, España, mañana, señor
Spanish has only 5 vowels — all pure, no diphthong glides
b and v are THE SAME SOUND — stop [b] after pause/nasal, fricative [β] elsewhere
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